Haroun And The Sea Of Stories Character Analysis

She leaves her husband with her neighbor Mr.. Sanguine, which may be the reason for Harpoon's turn of events. Briefly describe the character and his or her relations with other characters (a solid paragraph or two). This is a more detailed factual description of your chosen character. You may combine your own factual description with quotations from the text. Give page numbers. When Sorry is first introduced she was said to have a â€Å"sweet voice raised in song† (15). Readers are seemingly given an image of her being a sweet and loving wife and mother..But things go terribly wrong once she no longer sings (16). It's also evident that Sorry was very vulnerable. She was so tired of being left home while her husband told fictional stories that Mr.. Cantata's criticisms of Raised soon enveloped her heart like the darkness of Chatham- Shut. It may be Mr.. Cantata's statement, â€Å"what's the use of stories that aren't true? That finally got to the lonely Sorry (20). Sorry was a ticking time bomb that blew up. It's almost to be expected seeing as her family was the only happy one in a sad city.Even love for her son couldn't get her to stay. Although, just as things had turned around for Rasher and Harmon, Sorry had realized her mistake. Ironically, she described Mr.. Sanguine the same as the narrator had described Chatham-Shut. Lover, mother, and wife, Sorry as a full package. Luckily, she was able to see the light of the day, instead of the darkness of the night. Explain why you find the character interesting, and discuss how the character affects your understanding of the novel (a solid paragraph or two).Sorry is a very minor character whom only appears in the beginning and the end of the story. The best thing about Sorry is that her small part had a huge impact on the way the story went. First, lets observe the way she left her husband. She simply asked him to look for some socks that their son Harmon may have lost, and in that instance she disappeared. Her leaving with the stairs neighbor was very contradictory with her character. Readers can only sympathize with the openwork Rasher and their precious son Harmon.Rasher was so distraught over his wife leaving him that only after taking out his anger by smashing every clock in their home, he loses his ability to tell stories. The plot thickens as he no longer wants to tell stories and is visited by the Water Genie to have his story line disconnected. Moving over to Harmon, he was so heartbroken that he couldn't concentrate on anything more than 1 1 minutes; this was the Same time that his mother left them (1 1 o'clock). All of these these are significant. Had it not been Corpora's choice to leave her family for boring old Mr..Sanguine, neither Hardbound nor Rasher would have helped save Kahn. It was her choice that led to Rasher's choice to no longer tell stories. It was her choice that caused Harmon to take If's tool hostage to get to the Walrus and keep his father's storytelling abilities. Corpora's choice kept Harmon from focusing on his first wish that would have kept him from ever going into Gulp City. Corpora's choice led them both into gulp City. Corpora's choice helped the sad city remember it's name. Basically, without Sorry, no one would ever know about the sea of Stories.

Singing in the Rain

Singing in The Rain Brianna Walsh The Use of Singing and Dance in Singin’ In the Rain Singin’ In the Rain is a fantastic movie that shows the transition between silent films and â€Å"talkies. † This film, however, would have no impact what so ever if it were not a musical. The dancing in the movie gave it something different making the movie a classic, while the singing gave the premise of the movie. Lina Lamont would be the first problem with a normal film. If the movie did not have singing, the impact of how bad her voice really was would not be heard. The shocking shrill of her voice is really the premise of the whole movie.To really be appreciated, Lina waited a little before talking in the movie creating anticipation in the viewers. Her lack of dancing abilities just furthered her distance from the â€Å"talkies† and made the audience root against her. Kathy Selden really shined in this movie because of the singing and dancing. Her voice was fantasti c and her dancing, especially paired with Don Lockwood, was better than many audiences had ever seen before. Without these two aspects in place, Kathy would not have been as likeable and her position as the underdog would have affected how the audience viewed her.Don Lockwood swooned all the ladies in this film with his charming singing and amazing tap dancing. He was really the star, in my eyes, of both of the categories. He was impossible to look away from because of his complicated choreography with his co-stars. Don would be nothing in this film if not for the singing and dancing. His part in the film would lessen immensely and he wouldn’t have made such an impact with the viewers. This film is a classic in American history solely because of the singing and dancing scenes. If these two things were not included in the film, it would have been lost among other movies of the time.

An Analysis Of The Sudanese Darfur Conflict Politics Essay

An Analysis Of The Sudanese Darfur Conflict Politics Essay Sudan is the country that spread broad field and has the richest underground sources. Sudan has the different ethnic and religious elements. In Sudan from time to time the conflicts occurred because of the economic and political reasons between these elements. In 80s and 90s South Sudan crisis emerged, but in the 2000s this conflict can solved. But after a short time another conflict, Darfur Conflict, emerged between the government and rebel groups. Darfur conflict can be seen as the ethnic, economic and cultural conflict rather than religious conflict. In this paper I will mention firstly the background of the conflict. Then I will explain the basic reason of the conflict core parties and third parties and their affect in the conflict. Finally I will evaluate the conflict at the state, regional and international level. A-) Background of the Darfur Conflict 1- ) Maps of Area Map of Area- Sudan 1 Map of Area- Darfur 2 2- ) Basic Information about Sudan and Darfur In general perspecti ve, the formal name is Republic of Sudan and it is the largest country in Africa, located in northeastern Africa. Sudan is counted as an undeveloped country but lastly because of the natural gas and petrol reserves its importance increased in the international arena. Sudan’s economy based on mainly agricultural and stockbreeding. Muslims which located in the North are compromised the %70 of whole population. In the South African blacks and Christians are compromised the other part of the population (%30). Also in Sudan there are 570 clans and there are 595 different languages in Sudan. Sudan country separated 57 different ethnic groups. It is neighboring the countries of Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia and Eritrea.   [ 3 ]    Darfur located in the Western Sudan. Its population includes different ethnic groups and clans and its population is 6 million. Its neighboring states are Libya, Chad and Republic of Middle Africa. Darfur separated in 3 regions, west, north and south. Khartoum government appointed a governor to the each region. In general in Darfur there are two ethnic groups, Arabs and black Africans. Because of the marriage between the different ethnic groups borders between regions became undefined.   [ 4 ]    3- ) Outline and Background of the Conflict 26 February 2003 Darfur Liberation Front attacked to highlands which name is Gulu. (The headquarters of Jebel Marra District) 25 March 2003 The rebels usurped the garrison town of Tine along the Chadian border and captured the huge quantities of supplies and arms.   [ 5 ]    25 April 2003 Sudan Liberation Movement (SLA/M) and Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) attacked the region. With this attack 75 soldiers, pilots were killed, also many buildings and helicopters were destroyed.   [ 6 ]    May 2003 Janjaweed entered the conflict.   [ 7 ]    8 April 2004 Negotiation about the cease-fire between JEM and SLA.à ‚   [ 8 ]    May 2004 International Crisis Group declared that over 350,000 people were effectively debarred from the aid. Also in this year United Nations Secretary- General Kofi Annan made an attention the situation of genocide risk in the Darfur. December 2005 Chad- Sudan Conflict. An attack was actualized in Chadian region in the border of Sudan and 300 hundred people were dead. Sudan was blamed for the attack and death of people. Government of Chad declared their hostility to Sudan government.   [ 9 ]

Music should be censored Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music should be censored - Essay Example In recent western history, music was carefully chosen and used for educational purposes as a way to indoctrinate and enculturate children. In countries like Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, music learning is defined through concepts, and educational growth explained regarding psychological theories of development (Walker, 131). The use of music in education calls for the need of music censorship so that children grow up and develop in a musical background. In addition, Xunzi further argues that music censorship is important because music acts as a bridge of emotions; therefore, they are not used in any way to create harm in the society. Tranquil music promotes obedience to the law while stern and majestic music promotes social order. Licentious and wild music is subject to censorship as it is detrimental to the society by promoting disorder, rebellion and depravity. Xunzi believed that censoring music, in the absence of social distinctions and barriers, ev il in the human society would flourish, chaos and disorder will result, and there will be no material progress. The other reason for music censorship is that music has a way of pushing the limit of decency as children are influenced by destructive messages and images of casual; sex and casual violence. Children are highly vulnerable as they are not fully aware of the consequences. It is difficult to keep explicit music material from children, and the situation is worsened by how children could be taught to evaluate such music.

Raising Low HDL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Raising Low HDL - Essay Example The pathological picture in an atherosclerotic lesion suggests accumulation of LDL and its oxidation in the vascular subendothelial space, where monocytes from the circulation enter to initiate an inflammatory reaction that would lead eventually to atheroma formation. Research has also demonstrated that monocyte entry occurs at the sites of LDL peroxidation, suggesting that oxidation is the cause of monocytes entry. Research has also shown that HDL apoA-I and apoA-I mimetic peptides have been shown to prevent LDL oxidation. Moreover, HDL apoA-I and apoA-I mimetic peptides have been shown to decrease atherosclerotic lesions and improve vascular reactivity in humans. Regarding its mechanism of action in producing beneficial effects against atherogenesis, studies have suggested that HDL enhances the reverse cholesterol transport. Over the top of it, apoA-I is also capable of scavenging the seeding molecules from LDL, thus preventing the LDL-derived phospholipid oxidation and the inflamm atory response out of the byproducts. Thus, clinical managements directed towards improving the HDL cholesterols in the body could result in a therapeutic option of prophylactic potential in persons who are prone to atherosclerosis due to lifestyle reasons of high cholesterol and high triglycerides (Navab, M et al., 2004). Consequently, there are many therapeutic options available to enhance the HDL in human beings, and they are Fibrates, Niacin, and recently Fish oils containing omega-3 fatty acids. All of them are recommended; however, given the volume of evidence, it is very difficult to create a guideline for the patients. This work intends to critically review contemporary literature to compare the findings so a single agent can be chosen based on evidence in order to raise the HDL levels in blood. Fibrates: While statins are regarded as therapeutic cornerstones in dyslipidemia, they are ineffective because they have proven efficacy in reducing the plasma levels of LDL-C. However, they are incompetent is reducing the elevated concentrations of triglyceride rich lipoproteins, VLDL and VLDL remnants, and they have minimal actions in increasing the low levels of HDL-C that are protective. Fibrates have been observed to "reduce plasma levels of triglycerides by 30-50% and typically increase levels of HDL-C by 5-15%, depending on lipid phenotype and baseline concentration. Fibrates may also reduce LDL-C potentially by up to 15-20% although the effect is variable, depending on the underlying lipid abnormality and baseline lipid phenotype "(Chapman, MJ., 2006). This indicates individuals treated with Fibrates, levels of LDL would decrease when their plasma concentrations are elevated and HDL-C levels will increase when baseline plasma concentrations are low. Moreover, it efficiently r educes apoIII-C containing lipid particles which are acknowledged to be markers of increased risks for atherogenesis. The increased HDL levels following Fibrates are generally reflected by increased plasma levels of apoA-I and apoA-II. The Fibrates act via activation of a nuclear transcription factor PPAR in vascular tissues that actively metabolize lipids. This can be used for both primary prevention and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with demonstrably significant decrease in the rates of

The primary reason that America went to war against Britain in 1812 Essay

The primary reason that America went to war against Britain in 1812 - Essay Example However, tensions still remained between the two nations. The primary reason as to why James Madison declared war against Britain can be associated with differences in the high seas. In his congressional speech, Madison stated that cruisers from Britain violated the American flag. Besides, he accused the British of seizing persons sailing under the American flag (Haberle, 2003). This, he argued, was against the law that governs the relationships between nations. To Madison, the actions of the cruisers seemed to favor the British while the Americans continued to suffer. Madison also purported that the British had violated the sovereignty of the United States. Therefore, he sought support from congress. Factors that led to the declaration of the war can be associated with the decision of the British to drag American citizens in warships. Madison claimed that this exposed Americans to significant dangers while in their own country. The actions of the British to use American subjects in their battles triggered Madison to declare war. The British did not respect America as a sovereign country. As such, the war had to be fought to end British control of the United States (Haberle,

The paper is on how leaderhship plays an important role in the movie Essay

The paper is on how leaderhship plays an important role in the movie Gladiator - Essay Example Here Maximus Decimus Meridus is seen to have evolved through all the ranks from glory to grass and back to the glory again. He was first a general, then a slave, then a gladiator and finally a hero. His evolution through all these stages bequeathed him with the charisma of a leader. He portrays the desire to see his fellow slaves set free, and his gladiators succeed to freedom without having to kill each other. His strong character and will take risks propels him to glory as a hero in Rome through conquests that he stages. He exercises the power of charisma as a leader and wins the hearts of many people including his fighters to fight for the common good of all. Leaders in the movie portray leadership through abilities of decision-making processes. In times of war, they inspire their soldiers to fight for the good of their nation. This shows that leadership should be taken as a source of inspiration. This authority helps in deriving a persons authority in a group. Leadership in this context is seen as an exercise of power, the power of information is used to exact control upon the people. Information is only spread at specific times under the control of the King or the ruler. Information gathering through spying and its dissemination among the power elites enables the ruler to stay on top of issues. He makes sure that he is well informed as a leader of every situation that is going own within his territory. Leadership in this movie is also strengthened much through the power of relationships. Leaders have established both formal and informal networks both within and without their territories. Leadership is strengthened by the appreciation of the power of expertise. Leaders rely so much on the council of senators and other influential figures including the most talented gladiators. These experts are used either in the development of specialized knowledge are being communicated

Radioactive Decay, Age Dating, Geologic Time Assignment

Radioactive Decay, Age Dating, Geologic Time - Assignment Example Now use the matches to represent a different radioactive element (with a different half-life). Write a "D" on one side of the box to indicate daughter isotopes. Place the matches in the box and shake well (up and down, not side to side as the matches will â€Å"line up† with side to side shaking). After shaking (one time step) remove all matches that point (using the head of the match as the pointing end) toward the end of the box that is indicated by the D. Record the number of remaining matches in the box and repeat until nearly all of the matches have been removed. Plot the results on both of the attached graphs. Use a dot for the coins and a plus sign for the matches. Connect the points on your graphs with a smooth line. Your graph should now resemble in shape the curve in Figure I-5. The more coins used, the better will be the resemblance. (The reason for this is that statistics do not apply well to small samples. An individual gambler can never predict how he or she migh t do on a given try at a slot machine but averaged over many thousands of gamblers, the casino owners are assured of a steady flow of profits.) In the same way, we can never predict just when an individual radioactive atom will decay, but when we are dealing with billions of atoms in rocks (which is always the case), we can be assured that the Law of Radioactive Decay is followed very closely. Use both the linear scale and logarithmic scale graph for the penny and the match data - plot both data sets (pennies and matches) on both graphs.

Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intelligence - Essay Example (Wechsler, 1944, p.4) Intelligence is considered to be global as it characterises the individual's behaviour as a whole; it is a combination of those elements or abilities, which, though not entirely independent, are qualitatively differentiable. "By measurement of these abilities, we ultimately evaluate intelligence. But intelligence is not identical with the mere sum of these abilities, however inclusive". (Wechsler, 1944, p. 6) Wechsler suggests that there are three important reasons, which justify this statement: (1) The ultimate products of intelligent behaviour are not only a function of the number of abilities or their quality but also of the way in which they are combined, that is, upon their configuration. (3) Finally, while different orders of intelligent behaviour may require varying degrees of intellectual ability, an excess of any given ability may add relatively little to the effectiveness of the behaviour as a whole. It would seem that, so far as general intelligence is concerned, intellectual ability as such merely enters as a necessary minimum. "Thus, to act intelligently, one must be able to recall numerous items i.e., have a retentive memory. But beyond a certain point and age in developmental life span, this ability does not help much in coping with life situations successfully". (Wechsler, 1944, p. ... However the extent to which decline is confronted can be evaluated through various measurement tests and techniques. "Although intelligence is no mere sum of intellectual abilities, the only way we can evaluate it quantitatively is by the measurement of the various aspects of these abilities. There is no contradiction here unless we insist upon the identity of general intelligence and intellectual ability". (Wechsler, 1944, p. 8) Researchers have always related intelligence to different mental processes. More recently psychologists have began to emphasize not only the processes but the content as well. They speak of memory but of auditory memory; not only of reasoning but of abstract, verbal or arithmetical reasoning. In a like manner some psychologists have begun to distinguish various kinds of intelligence. Thorndike, has suggested subdividing intelligence into three main types: (1) Abstract or verbal intelligence, involving facility in the use of symbols; (2) Practical intelligence, involving facility in manipulating objects; (3) Social intelligence, involving facility in dealing with human beings. The significant thing about this classification is that it emphasises upon the age criteria, accomplishments a person can achieve and how he can do it. This distinction between function and content is fully justified by experimental evidence. The rating, which an individual attains on an intelligence examination, depends to a considerable degree on the type of test used. His score on a test made up largely of verbal items may differ significantly from that obtained on a test involving questions of social comprehension and still more from another test made up of items involving predominantly psychomotor reactions and the perception of spatial relationships.

Economic Implications on Social Media Essay Example for Free

Economic Implications on Social Media Essay The developments in the information technology sector have led to facilitation in information sharing across the globe in what has been referred to as social media. The internet has brought many changes in the way individuals across the world interact. Through the use of social media, individuals are able to exchange photographs, videos, post their thoughts on blogs and take part in discussions that takes lace online. Social media allows the people, organizations, companies and governments to be able to reach large numbers of people with a lot of ease. This paper shall give an overview of how the social media has impacted on the economic domain of development in the society by analyzing both the positive and the negative impacts. Social Media: Social media refers to the various internet based and mobile services which allows the user to take part in online exchanges, contributing user-created content and being able to join the online community. It also refers to the tools and technologies that enable an online interaction, networking, sharing and collaboration. There are various services internet services that are usually associated with social media which includes blogs, wikis, social bookmarking, social network sites, status updates services, virtual word content and media sharing site (Dewing, 2010). Blogs is a short form of ‘web log’ which can be described as an online journal in which pages are put on view in an overturned chronological order. The blogs can be hosted for free on various websites including WordPress and Blogger among others. Wikis on the other hand refers to collective websites in which anyone participating can modify the pages or create their new pages using a Web browser. A good example of a wiki is the Wikipedia which is a free online encyclopedia that utilizes the wiki technology. Social bookmarking sites are those sites which allow the users to share and organize links to websites for instance the Delicious, Digg, and Reddit. Social network sites are the web-based services which enables the individuals to build a public or semi-public profile in a delimited system. The individuals are also able to articulate a list of other users whom they share connection thus being able to navigate through and view their list of connections and those of others in the system. Such sites include Facebook, MySpace, and Windows Live Spaces amongst others (Dewing, 2010). Status-update services are also referred to as micro-blogging services are more like social network sites but they allow individuals to share short updates and also be able to view updates from others. A good example is the twitter services. Virtual world content on the other hand offers a game-like virtual environment for the users to interact. A good example of this would be the imaginary world that is created in Second Life whereby users can create avatars to interact with each other. Avatars are the virtual representations of the users. Media–sharing sites are those which enable the users to post videos or photographs for instance the You Tube and Flickr. It must be noted that some of these categories do overlap for instance twitter can be regarded as both a social network site as well as a stats update service (Dewing, 2010). Social media is capable of affecting the manner in which individuals interact online. Social media is known to open up new ways for cooperation and dialogue in today’s world. Most of the content posted in social media may remain there permanently at least by default. The content may also be accessible, replicable, and searchable. Social media can therefore be used anywhere, and at any moment provided that there is internet connectivity in the area. Such factors are responsible for shaping of the dynamics of the social media. The fact that the players in the social media are usually invisible raises various questions regarding the framework, correctness and unambiguousness regarding the communication. The identity and motives of those who post contents in the social media are not always clear (Dewing, 2010). Evolution of Social Media: The internet became popular in the last two decades and web sites which allowed individuals to create and upload content started appearing with the first network site said to have appeared in 1997 for the first time. The first social network site to be launched was called ‘SixDegrees. com’ and it was followed soon by many others at the turn of the millennium. In 2002, there was an upsurge in the number of social network sites with some surging to popularity only to fade in a little while such as the Friendstar. However, others were able to develop niche communities for instance MySpace appealed to adolescent music enthusiasts (Dewing, 2010). Towards the end of the first decade of the second millennium, social media was widely accepted, for instance; by the year 2009, Facebook made the announcement that its users were well over 350 million worldwide (Dewing, 2010). There are a number of factors that have led to a surge in the social media participation which include technological factors, social factors and economic factors. Technological factors include things such as readily available broadband, improvement in software tools, and the development of more powerful computer and mobile services. Social factors on the other hand include the rapid uptake of social media by the young generation while the economic factors include the growth in commercial interests in the social media sites and affordability of computers and related software (Dewing, 2010). Impacts of Social Media: Since the widespread usage of social media is a recent phenomenon, social and economic implications can only be barely understood. Some quarters hold the belief that social media is causing isolation amongst the people whereas others believe that social media has broaden democratic participation. According to a research conducted by statistics Canada; We should expect neither a dysfunctional society of loners nor a blissful society of happy net-workers. Rather, we are facing a society that is differently cohesive from the one we have known. There do not appear to be any significant differences in the number of social ties or in the amount of social interaction between Internet users and non-users. Instead, the Internet is providing ways of fostering participation with community members and enhancing relationships, including through social media (Dewing, 2010, para 10). Social media has also had economic impacts in regard to the manner in which what is contained in the social media is created and consumed. This can be summed up to the growth in the information and communication sector of the economy. In most economies, growth in this sector of the economy has been tremendous even surpassing the overall economic growth. Many business firms and organizations have also incorporated social media in their marketing strategies (Dewing, 2010). Socio-economic Impacts: The socioeconomic theory appears to be spearheading the deflationary cycle more than the financial or the political economics. Previously, the Keynesian and libertarian theories were believed to be the key players in the deflationary cycle. According to the socio-economic theories, it is claimed that in order for us to get out of the deflationary cycle, there is need to view it as both a sociological and fiscal problem. The solution is therefore to be found in the ground-breaking technology which promises huge profits to be used in investment so as to commence the next boom cycle, and snap the society out of the predicament created by the economic downturn. Social media could play a role in mitigating the damages that arise from the deflationary cycle. It could also be instrumental in the construction of the next opportunities for technological innovations (Fischer, 2009). Understanding the objective economic potential is very crucial and dependant on the revolution of the social media. Social media is known to utilize technology in enhancing the people’s ability to interact with others. Social media is to be found in interaction, connection, trust and relations that are driven by technology. In regard to business, this implies establishment of trust and channels of communication which supports and enables collaboration and building of engaged teams through the removal of barriers and frustrations that were created by conventional structures. Social media particularly in regard to collaboration has the potential to unlock the hidden knowledge in organizations when required. It also lowers the cost of software via open source cooperation, easing the finding of appropriate information, and making organizations to be more responsive. These are however cultural changes that occurs gradually. Nevertheless, the promise for change is there even though it might take much longer time. However, the technological investment that is required to bring about these changes is quite cheaply available (Fischer, 2009). With social media, change is bound to happen. Social media has the prospects of creating more effective organizations via the collaboration, â€Å"providing a greater variety of information services at low cost through mashups and open source, and a lower cost to product and service messaging, when the product and service has great appeal†(Fischer, 2009, para 7). Similarly, social media has detrimental impacts on the established industries. The conventional advertising media has become decreasingly effective due to the increasing numbers of the individuals who are networked and therefore attentive to one another. It is imperative to observe that; Friend of a friend referrals, rating sites or consumer oriented websites will become the norm and rely on their objectivity to maintain trust with their followers, therefore are not as subject to trying to manipulate their audience based on the promise of big advertising revenue (Fischer, 2009, para 8). There is no doubt that manipulation is part of the social media practice though the ability for any individual to broadcast and gain audience to the large network in the social media indicates that it is not an easy task and it is destined to be the exception and not the norm in the long run (Fischer, 2009). The distribution of retail products may also come to the forefront due to the social media influence. Due to the fact that e-commerce has been enhanced in the recent past owing to a revolution in the social media, some social observations have been made in regard to marketing trends for instance, there has been a relation drawn between the trends on how particular products are moved in the market. Such observations may be observed as ‘individuals who bought product X also bought product Y’. Large business organizations may also offer lower prices and utilize the social media to achieve the personal touch, a domain previously associated with small business organizations. This has been geared towards the ‘commodization’ of products that are produced on a large scale and the futuristic markets with the chances of realizing massive profits. The markets of the future are said to be niche markets that would require subject matter expertise and customization (Fischer, 2009). The gains of the social media in economic venture may be offset by the unsettling role associated with it in the conventional industries. In the past, any technological changes would result in obvious and simple routes to massive increases in the production and demand. However, with the social media, increase in productivity and demand over a short time is not palpable due to the fact that it requires cultural changes together with the technological transformations. Eventually, as the cultural changes are realized over time, massive increases in the production may be realized; however, in the short term social media can not be used to provide an obvious path for investment capable of leading to gains in effectiveness and productivity (Fischer, 2009). There is this argument that tightly knit society has the capability to survive economic stress better compared to a loosely knit society. Social media ensures that the world is woven in complex interactions and also offers individuals with something to do when they are not involved in an economic activity. This is motivated by what can be referred to as ‘reputation economics’ which is designed to motivate individuals to engage in activities such as creating open source software, report on events, and many more information services that would have required individuals to pay for before the advent of the internet. This allows for rich content and growth of valuable products to be carried out devoid of investment and yet with returns for instance a â€Å"business entity that hosts their websites on Linux servers or uses open office to create and manage documents† (Fischer, 2009, para 9). To add on the long term effectiveness of the social media which include the creation of complex systems like an operating system at relatively low cost; it could also enable the development of new innovations presenting a clear path that shall increase production and demand. The deflationary cycle that is predicted by the socio-economic theories could only be shortened if only we are able to find out the kind of innovation required and be able to bring it more quickly (Fischer, 2009). Social media is said to provide revenue to both the users and platforms. It has to be noted that social media better known as social computing is a driver for competitiveness. The effects of social computing may be seen on the industry itself for instance, the development in the social media or the information and communication technology sector. It can also be observed in other industries that uses the social computing. There is evidence that â€Å"more targeted marketing and user research which are reliant on user profiles and content interest are opening new channels to markets† (Pascu, 2008, para 11). There are emergent employment possibilities vial social networks and new opportunities to utilize user innovations in developing the products or as an intermediate between organizations and consumers (Pascu, 2008). The impact of social media can not be wished away as insignificant. This is because, faced with the modern reality where social media provides a platform for the consumers, competitors and the market place to discuss products, services and employees. All this is carried out online â€Å"whether its a protest group on Facebook (United Airlines Sucks! ), a persistent hashtag on Twitter (#attfail) or just a meme that travels from blogger to Blogger† (Taylor, 2009, para 5). At this juncture, it does not matter as to whether it is of importance to probe into the social networks. What is of importance is whether one is paying attention to the social media where the message has gone to. This means that the customer to the company products is the one to define the brand in the market. This is quite challenging as it means that those organizations with acceptable products are bound to be reap benefits even with minimum branding and marketing strategies whereas those companies that are considered bad by the customers are destined to suffer from a bad reputation even when they spent more money to advertise themselves and try to position themselves as market leaders (Taylor, 2009). It is therefore important for organizations to take time and monitor what is going on in the social media. There are various services at the disposal of whoever would like to monitor the social media which include the individual services such as ‘Search. twitter. com’ and more complicated ones such as ‘Filtrbox’ and ‘Radian 6’. For successful business undertaking, there is need for organizations to embrace the social media which provides an avenue to engage with the customers. Interaction on the social media with the customers is crucial and thus joining these sites for creating new bully pulpits for the organization’s marketing and sales messages without proper interaction with the customers is not commendable (Taylor, 2009). The organizations can not be isolated from the social media as they create a powerful impression with the capability of having a lasting impact that may prove to be hard to change. Accompany with a bad reputation might score poorly even with spirited advertisement due to evaluations that are obtained from the social media. It is therefore important to address the problems that are affecting the organizations one by one rather than spending huge sums of money in advertising the products (Chong, 2010). Conclusion: Social media has been a new discovery in the information and communication sector and that its impacts on the economic development are worthy noting. The economic impacts of social media are two fold and may bring positive results or negative results to a business organization. With social media, the consumers of the company products are able to talk about the products, services and competitors and definitely such discussions are to impact on the business entity either for better or for worse. Social media can therefore have far reaching repercussions on the business organizations in terms of profitability. Reference: Chong, S. , (2010). Nothing Can save Negative Buzz on Twitter. Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from; http://www. penn-olson. com/2010/07/02/nothing-can-save-negative-buzz-on-twitter/. Dewing, M. , (2010). Social Media: 1. An Introduction. Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from; http://www2. parl. gc. ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/2010-03-e. htm. Fischer, K. , (2009). Exploring the economic impact of social media. Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from; http://www. web20blog. org/2009/03/24/exploring-the-economic-impact-of-social-media/. Pascu, C. , (2008). ERoSC-The Socio-economic Impact of Emerging Social Computing Applications. Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from; http://docs. google. com/viewer? a=vq=cache:dHneLXVRkYgJ:www. foresight-network. eu/index. php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_view%26gid%3D352+Economic+Implications+on+Social+Mediahl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEEShixNJSG5ddAxmDsp3_H0NmsZ-LetSdSeKnGykkb0y_4ruRrW-EstMaeGHfs16v1u66MJlBbpW-WIgVRxtCabedvJWeojTeW4mfj7Z70xD-y31hAWGz7VhQwakzAylysKUUV0NNsig=AHIEtbRbStc-eBG_GjfGNgsEL-OmZ0oP8g Taylor, D. , (2009). Whats the impact of social media on business growth? Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from; http://www. intuitive. com/blog/impact_of_social_media_twitter_facebook_business_growth. html

Side Effects of Tumor Size Reducing Drugs | Experiment

Side Effects of Tumor Size Reducing Drugs | Experiment Manish Kumar Tiwari 1. Introduction: Objective: Pfizer have developed a new drug that appears to reduce the size of specific tumors but are concerned about what effect the drug might have on normal tissue. Outline how you would use DNA technology to address this issue. Cancer disease has large complexities in terms of genome variations at genetic level and epigenetic level. Immortalization and tumor genesis are the two fundamental characteristics of cancerous cells. This disease is caused by mutations in genes such as oncogenes, DNA repairing genes and tumor suppressor genes. Recent researches suggested that more than one mutations are needed for the cancers. One of the major drawbacks of the medicines or drugs that are used to treat cancer is its side effects on normal cells. The cells which are mostly affected by drugs are rapidly dividing cells such as blood cells, hair follicles cells, cells found in tract of reproductive organ and digestive system, and cells from immune system. Side effects on normal cells due to chemotherapy has become major challenges for researchers. Transcriptome or protein expression profiling for cancerous cells treated with specific drugs may provide useful information about possible side effects on normal cells. When a ny drugs or medicines are given for the treatment of any specific tumor disease, it binds with specific receptors (cell surface receptors, Cytoplasmic receptors or nuclear receptors) and leads to transcription and translation process and generate specific proteins that can be able to stop the cell cycle or initiation of apoptosis. But generally these drugs may also responsible to translation of unwanted proteins that can cause side effects on normal tissues. 2. Approach: Mode of action of many drugs that reduces the size of tumor are related to growth cycle (like mutagen, MAP kinase pathway) or DNA modifications (transcription, translation etc.). This method is more suitable for in vivo testing in rats or mammalian cancerous cell lines which has been described here. The added tumor size reducing drug must bind with specific receptors on the tumor cells. So first step is the identification of pathway via which it acts. In the downstream signaling of the pathway, some transcription factors will be activated and will bind to target promoter and reduces the size of tumor. So then transcription factors need to be quantified by qPCR as well as the sequence of their promoter through DNA Foot Printing. Now two plasmids need to be constructed (minimum two plasmids, if there are more transcription factors and promoters, more plasmids with different fluorescent proteins are needed) containing above identified promoter coupled with red fluorescent protein (RFP) and containing a tumor inducible promoter coupled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Now for in vivo testing, mutant mouse are created and transfected with above two plasmids. During the growth, the known tumor inducing compounds/radiation is given to the mouse to induce the tumor. As the drug is added, it will cause induction of RFP through the body but level may be higher in tumor cells but GFP should be induced only in the tumor cells. If GFP is induced in other normal cells it means that this drug may cause side effect on that cells. A fluorescent mapping of mouse will reveal the efficacy and side effects of drug based on RFP and GFP intensity.  Ã‚   Figure 1: Schematic presentation of approach. The image of mice is taken from internet which has been used to explain the method. 3. Method: This method is suitable for in vivo testing in mice or mammalian cells culture. The main steps include quantification and identification of transcription factors and promoter sequences respectively, construction of suitable plasmids coupled with red and green fluorescent proteins, transfection of plasmids in mice body, tumor induction in mice body followed by drug injection and last fluorescent mapping using fluorescent detector. The instruments and techniques which will be used in this methods are qRT-PCR, DNase Foot Printing assay, Suitable plasmids vector, microinjections, Chemicals, fluorescent proteins (red and green), capillary electrophoresis, tumor inducing cells or chemicals or radiation and fluorescent detector. Validation of this method is important so validation could be possible by using this method for any known drug which side effects on normal cells has been identified completely. 3.1. Quantification of Transcription Factor: The exact quantification of transcription factor is the most important part of this method. Micro array or PCR is the good technique for quantification of transcription factors but in this method qPCR/QRT-PCR will be appropriate technique. First step is isolation of cancer cells from mammalian cancerous cell lines. Then inject target anti-cancer drug and incubate for some time because these drugs takes some time to start their function. After proper incubation, total or poly A RNA extraction is the next step. The solution which is used in extraction process should be RNase free otherwise it can degrade our RNA so that exact quantification could not be possible. Sample should be treated with DNase to remove genomic DNA contamination. Flow Chart 1: Steps involved in quantification of Transcription factors Electrophoresis and qPCR methods could be used for determination of purity and accurate concentration because these factors are very important for proper gene expression profiling. Then C DNA synthesis and validation of C DNA quality and quantity could be done by using qRT-PCR. For performing qRT-PCR assay there are two important steps such as selection of appropriate reference genes and designing of PCR primer labeled with fluorescent dye must be needed. For data analysis fluorescent detector can be used to detect transcription factors and their associated genes. Now once genes have been identified by using above method so the identification of their promoter sequence DNA Foot Printing assay will be performed. 3.2. Identification of Promoter Sequence: DNase Foot printing assay method can be used to identify target promoter sequence. Steps involved in this method is amplification of target DNA through PCR using fluorescent labeled primer at 5’ end. Then cleavage of the amplified DNA by using DNase enzyme followed by the capillary electrophoresis. The cleavage pattern will vary due to the presence of transcription factor, because the binding sites are protected by the protein from the cleavage. By using this method we can identify the promoter sequences. By using capillary electrophoresis we can identify the amount and size of DNA fragments and about the bases which are not cleaved by the DNase enzyme. Figure 2: Identification of promoter sequences through DNA Foot Printing assay. The graph between amount and size of DNA fragments in this figure is showing the bases which are protected by the transcription factor against DNase enzyme. 3.3. Construction of Suitable Plasmids: Construction of suitable expression vectors for mammalian cells, that can carry the desired promoter sequence coupled with fluorescent protein must be needed. The most important characteristics of vectors is presence of all elements that is suitable for expression in host cells. The important elements are promoter, stop and start codon, binding sites for ribosome, ORI region and appropriate selection markers. Some examples of vectors like adenoviral, PSV and pCMV are generally used for expression in mammalian cells. In this method, our expression vectors should contain promoter sequence labeled with red and green fluorescent protein and other important elements. Minimum two type of plasmid vectors need to be constructed. One plasmid should have promoter coupled with RFP which has not induced by the tumor inducible transcription factors. Other plasmid should have tumor inducible promoter coupled with green fluorescent protein. Our main idea is to inject these vectors into the mutated mice body so that we also need to remove the other elements of vectors that can cause any unwanted diseases in mutated mice. The vectors like pED and Pz can be used for the expression in mammalian cells. Figure 3: Construction of plasmids containing promoter coupled with Red and Green fluorescent protein. The very first step for the construction of the recombinant plasmid is the cleavage of both plasmid and target DNA with promoter sequence coupled with fluorescent protein using suitable restriction enzymes. The restriction enzymes creates sticky or blunt ends (depends on type of restriction enzyme used) in both plasmid and target DNA. Next step is the hybridization of both DNA and plasmid using DNA ligase enzyme. Selection of cells having plasmid with desired sequence is very important so further we need to selection of appropriate vector by using selection markers like antibiotic resistance genes. 3.4. Transfection: The transfer of desired plasmid inside the mice body could be possible through many ways such as microinjection, electroporation, shotgun method, through chemicals and viral infections. Transfection through viral infection has some limitations like limited carrying capacity of desired gene and unwanted inflammatory mutations. However, transfection through viral infection have some advantages like easy to handle, easy preparation and easily monitoring during the process. So, in this method transfection of plasmid in mice should be done directly through microinjection into the mice body. One another way for transfection of recombinant plasmids in mice is through recombinant Baculovirus. Baculovirus infects insect cells. Purified budded virus can be isolate from the infected insect cells with recombinant Baculovirus. This purified budded virus can be introduced inside the mice body. For the study of side effects on normal cells in whole body of mice it is very important that this recomb inant plasmids will reach every parts of body along with tumor affected parts. 3.5. Induction of Tumor in Mice: Mammalian cancerous cell lines or cell DNA extracted from virally infected cells can be able to induce cancer in mice. Once theses tumorgenic cells is injected inside the mice body it develop specific tumor. After developing cancer in mice body, anti-cancer drug is administered through injection to show the efficacy and side effects on cancerous and non-tumor cells. When drugs binds with specific target receptors, it will induce both promoters but with varying intensity. The promoter coupled with RFP will show intensities in both normal and tumor cells but may be higher in tumor cells. But GFP should be induced only in tumor cells if it is inducing in other normal cells with high intensity then it may cause side effects on those normal cells. 3.6. Fluorescent Mapping: Analysis of fluorescent mapping of these promoters in different locations of the mice body can provide useful information about possible side effects against designed anti-cancer drugs. For example if GFP will be induced in other cells like hair cells, heart cells, bone marrow cells than we can predict the side effects on these cells because the drug should not induce translational process in normal cells. If this drug induces promoters only in tumor cells then the chances of side effects may be less. We can study possible side effects against various drugs by using this method. Figure 4: This picture has been modified for illustrating the possible results that can be produced by this method. Region B and C in this figure are representing the cancerous cells where GFP has been expressed. Region A is representing the normal cells where GFP has been also expressed so this drug may cause side effects on this cells. 3.7. Validation of the Method: This approach has not been validated because this is the hypothesis only. For the testing of this method whether it is working efficiently or not need to be validated. An efficient approach has been described here. For the validation of this method we need to perform this method on known anti-cancer drugs for specific type of cancers. This method can be apply for known drugs which side effects on normal cells have been identified completely. If fluorescent mapping provide exact location in the body where GFP has been induced and if these locations are related with those areas where this specific drug causes side effects then this method will be validated. But proper validation need to be tested for various anti-tumor drugs which side effects has been completely known. 4. Discussion: There are so many side effects associated with anti-cancer drugs because these drugs mainly affects rapidly dividing cells and immune system. The drugs or medicines that are currently used have always some common side effects like typhlitis, diarrhea and hair loss but sometimes these drugs cause serious side effects like liver damage and cardiac arrest because these drugs are unable to differentiate rapidly growing normal and cancerous cells. So that development of proper efficient method for testing possible side effects for any anti-cancer drugs should be developed. In this section a good approach has been described for the identification of possible side effects on normal cells. The idea is based on the role of transcription factors induced by the drug- receptors interactions. As instance certain anti-tumor drugs causes anemia when used for the treatment of specific tumor. Generally the gene called HBB is responsible for anemia because this gene encode beta globins protein. It mea ns that these drugs also induces transcription factor that is responsible for activation of HBB gene. The fluorescent mapping of unknown anti-cancer drug against specific cancer can provides useful information about possible side effects. The figure 4 which has been modified to illustrate the possible results that can be achieved through this method. If the drug is not inducing GFP in normal cells except cancerous cells it means drug will not cause any side effects on normal cells but vice versa if GFP is expressing in other cells along with tumor cells so we can predict possible side effects on those cells because this method is also useful to find out what type of protein or transcription factors are expressed. By using bioinformatics data bases like PDB, Gene bank etc, functions of expressed proteins or transcription factors can be easily predict. The method which has been described above has not validate yet because this method is only a hypothesis that need further advancement and validation. 5. References: Lohmann, S., Herold, A., Bergauer, T., Belousov, A., Betzl, G., Demario, M., Dietrich, M., Luistro, L., Poignà ©e-Heger, M., Schostack, K., Simcox, M., Walch, H., Yin, X., Zhong, H. and Weisser, M. (2013). Gene expression analysis in biomarker research and early drug development using function tested reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR assays. Methods, 59(1), pp.10-19. Swartzman, E., Shannon, M., Lieu, P., Chen, S., Mooney, C., Wei, E., Kuykendall, J., Tan, R., Settineri, T., Egry, L. and Ruff, D. (2010). Expanding applications of protein analysis using proximity ligation and qPCR. Methods, 50(4), pp.S23-S26. Genetics Home Reference, (2014). HBB gene. [online] Available at: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/HBB [Accessed 23 Nov. 2014]. Dubensky, T., Campbell, B. and Villarreal, L. (1984). Direct transfection of viral and plasmid DNA into the liver or spleen of mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 81(23), pp.7529-7533. Caldana, C., Scheible, W., Mueller-Roeber, B. and Ruzicic, S. (2007). A quantitative RT-PCR platform for high-throughput expression profiling of 2500 rice transcription factors. Plant Methods, 3(1), p.7. Kim, T. and Eberwine, J. (2010). Mammalian cell transfection: the present and the future. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 397(8), pp.3173-3178.

Rabies :: Biology Medical Disease Rabies

Rabies Rabies virus belongs to the Lyssavirus family in which all the members are animal viruses mainly found in bats and are of a bullet-like shape. The virus is usually spread through bites or scratches. Rabies was first suspected in bats in Brazil during the 1910s. In 1931, it was diagnosed for the first time in Trinidad. Rabies is most common in Asia and found more in wild animals than in domestic animals or humans. There has only been one person who miraculously survived rabies even though she had never been previously exposed to it. Rabies virus belongs to the order Mononegavirales, and within this group, it falls into the Rhabdoviridae family because of its shape. This family includes three genera of animal viruses: Lyssavirus, Ephemerovirus, and Vesiculovirus. The genus Lyssavirus includes the rabies virus and other viruses that are mainly found in bats. The Rabies virus has a distinct bullet-like shape. The length of the virus structure is of about 180 nm with a cross-sectional diameter of about 75nm. Like a bullet, one end of the virus is rounded and the other end is planar or concave. The genome encodes 5-proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and polymerase (L). The two major structural components of viruses like rabies that fall under the rhabdoviruses family are: a helical ribonucleoprotein core (RNP) and a surrounding envelope. Rabies is an RNA virus. The arrangements of the five proteins and the RNA genome determine the structure of the rabies virus. The genome is a single-stranded, non-segmented, RNA of about 12kb that is followed by the five proteins. The rabies virus is usually spread through bites or scratches, abrasions, or through open wounds in the skin when saliva (and in certain conditions, the urine) from an infected animal that makes contact with the open flesh. The virus-induced, aggressive biting-behavior in the infected animal, along with the viral budding into the salivary glands, maximize the chances of viral infection to a new host. Rabies has been around for many years causing the deaths of animals as well as humans. During the 1910s, rabies in bats was suspected in Brazil. In 1931, it was definitively diagnosed for the first time in Trinidad in Latin America. Since 1985, bats have been the main rabies reservoirs identified. Bats are, and have been, the number one source of infection for the cases diagnosed in domestic animals every year. Recently in 2001, forty-nine U.S.

Battle of the Moms Essay -- Sociology, Motherhood, Working Mothers

â€Å"Motherhood has become a flash point for envy, resentment, and guilt because everyone struggles and envies what the other has† (nymag.com). There seems to always be a battle between working mothers and stay at home mothers, and the debate has always been controversial. Although there are many factors that differentiate children raised by a stay at home mother and a working mother, there is no right way on how to raise a child. The differences between both moms have both positive and negative characteristics but neither one can be said to be the correct way on raising a child. A â€Å"right way† does not exist. WHY WORKING MOTHERS WORK? â€Å"In the United States today, more than half of mothers with young children work, compared to 30% in the 1970’s† (American Academy of Pediatrics). Working mothers tend to work because they have been working since before they became a mom. They are so accustomed to their job that they decide to remain working after having a child. Others find that their families require two incomes or in some cases their income may be the sole source. Some research seems to persuade that the working mother is having detrimental effects on the child, however new research is showing no such result. INTRODUCTION TO BENEFITS OF A WORKING MOTHER While working mothers may be exhibiting excess stress on their decision to work outside the home any ill emotional and academic effects on their children seem to be nonexistent. In some situations it seems that children who pertain to working mothers actually benefit compared to those of non working mothers. Positive results that were found through studies show that mothers who work helped the family with economic conditions, consequently being able to avoid poverty and being ab... ...oms may choose to not work because of family roles they believe in. Many come from families who believe that the women should be a homemaker. According to society, mothers who stay at home for their children do not have a role that is truly essential (Fisanick 201). CONCLUSION Although according to studies, the status of a working mother or a stay at home mother does not determine a child’s academic ability, it seems as though parenting is an obsession. Both sides feel as though they are being judged by society and that they need to please the standards society is expecting from a mother. â€Å"We need someone to say: Do the best you can. There are no rules† in order for everyone to feel better about their own parenting style. â€Å"None of these parenting patterns is encoded in our DNA. â€Å"Mothering and Fathering are different all over the world† (newspaper article).

Essay --

Bernadette Roberson 12-04-2013 ENG-105 Jan Wakefield Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD Review Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, are more challenging to parent than the average child. An ADHD child may act without thinking as if they have no filter or fidget constantly with an endless fuel supply. At first, these behaviors may be minor annoyances, but now the caretaker’s patience is running out. Furthermore, the child suffers from a short attention span that makes even the most ordinary of tasks hard to accomplish. All parents love their children and want them to succeed. They may think: There must be something other than pills that can help my child with ADHD. In reviewing the website, â€Å"ADDitude, Living Well With Attention Deficit† Larry, S. M.D. (2013) allows the reader to assess and understand ADHD symptoms, treatment resources and improving parenting skills needed for living with ADHD children. It attempts to reach its readers through the use of outlining ADHD resources, free downloads regarding wide range ADHD information, available social networks including ADHD Blogs. The site also includes webcasts produced by various staff for readers to easily access current and up-to-date information in order learn more and parent more efficiently. The design of the website is appealing, although it may seem a bit over-whelming at first glance. Upon review, the design provides little written information regarding the actual purpose of the publication, but does include many easy to navigate hyper-links on various topics that may be very appealing to a person needing specific information on one topic. The website itself is small and concise, approximately two pages, a... ...Video Game 'Addiction' More Likely With Autism, ADHD Study cites poor peer relationships as one reason these kids embrace gaming Health Day News, by Serena Gordon HealthDay Reporter Monday, July 29, 2013 http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2013/07/29/video-game-addiction-more-likely-with-autism-adhd Motor control and sequencing of boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)during computer game play Houghton, S., Milner, N., West, J., Douglas, G., Lawrence, V., Whiting, K., & ... Durkin, K. (2004). Motor control and sequencing of boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during computer game play. British Journal Of Educational Technology, 35(1), 21-34. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2004.00365.x http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=65433384&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Explore the Significance of Metafiction in Jeanette Winterson’s Story of the Twelve Dancing Princesses

Throughout Winterson’s rendition of ‘the twelve dancing princesses’ – adapted from the renowned story by the Grimm Brothers –the plotline is explicitly centred around an array of fictional images. Implicitly though, the metafiction and accretion used can be unveiled as symbolism that correlates with a larger meaning; the images associated with men are uncomfortable and even evil in comparison to the comforting images (including the mermaid) that represent womanhood. Therefore, in the two specific examples of the mermaid and the poison, the reader may accept fiction as an underlying detail that leads to a deeper truth or argument.In the exact example of the mermaid the reader learns that the senior princess has fallen in love with her (the mermaid) and that they ‘live in the well’ together. The scene is evidently fictional; mermaids don’t exist, and if they did, then Jordon and the princess wouldn’t be able to stand in the w ell and converse with the mermaid due to biological impossibilities. Therefore the statement is immediately false, yet the reader may find themselves accepting it as truth in order to move on to the grittiness of the plotline, and discover the significance of the mermaid; her impact can be interpreted in various ways.Firstly, the mermaid could be seen as the product of rebellion against the conventional ritual of marriage to a husband. Rebellion seems a reasonable suggestion after studying the original story, which Winterson’s tale is arguably a continuation of. The ‘doors that were shut and locked up’ each night exemplify the father’s masculine domination over the freedom of his daughters. Likewise, in the tale the King’s offspring would rather see the soldiers killed than have their freedom limited; that ‘they laughed heartily’ at the sleeping soldier exhibits this.That the princess had to plunge in ‘deep waters’ in Winte rson’s tale exemplifies how she was willing to face the unknown (traditionally in literature the ocean is feared e. g. In the Tempest Ferdinand cries ‘hell is empty and all of the devils are here’ before plummeting into the ocean) in order to search for entertainment aside from her husband. Secondly, the mermaid could represent the princesses’ craving for womanhood – this links on from the rebellion against masculine dominance.The ‘deep waters’ as a meeting place, followed by the fact that the couple live in the well – envisaging a womb like place due to its round and wet characteristics – may bring to some reader’s minds an obvious yearning for womanly presence and dominance within the princess. It is noticeable that the existence of a mother is lacking in both renditions of the myth and so arguably the princess may be trying to reconnect with the womb of the Motherly figure that appears nonexistent in childhood. A cceptance of nonsense can be further seen on page 55 in a passage where content may be viewed as allegorical.There is also arguably a sense of intertextuality as it bares reflection to the synoptic bible passage of the demon possessed man (Mathew 8:28-34), which should consequently ring out clear symbolic meaning to the reader. The melodramatic line ‘Out of his (the husband) belly came a herd of cattle and a fleet of pigs ’ can be defined by the reader as an impossible scenario. Consequently the reader will seek the implicit meaning which holds a deeper content. In the Bible passage, the rearing of swine off the cliff enabled the demon possessed man to walk freed from his past torments.Therefore, the suggestion could be that the husband is better off dead, released from sin, than living alive as an overeater with evil within him – gluttony being a biblical crime. This argument is supported when the door salesman says to the princess ‘you are right to kill h im’. The princess’s hate for her husband’s obesity reflects the forced status of their marriage; nowhere in the passage does any form of love or appreciation ring clear, only a sense of endurance – ‘we had been married a few years’ for example suggests that the princess thinks that this is a fair enough trail run before murdering him .He is presented as unlikeable through firstly the unpleasant verbs that the princess attaches to his actions – ‘gulped’, ‘crashing’, ‘swelled’, ‘complained’ – and secondly through the portrayal of him as the demon. Arguably, the princess finds control and order after the fictional explosion that kills her husband, as Winterson writes in the first person, ‘I rounded them (the herd) up’ – stressing the herd’s obedience to her – contrasting to their disorderly actions to the husband who ‘had always complained a bout his digestion’ while the herds had been inside of him.Following on from this, it is arguable that with the ending of her (the princess’s) marriage came her ability to ‘live according’ to her ‘tastes’. Her true satisfaction is exemplified in the final sentence ‘I prefer farming to cooking,’ which, again allegorically, is arguably stating that she prefers her single life – where she farms the cattle- , to her married life – where she cooks the cattle. Therefore, again in this passage, the reader may accept that the content is fanciful to the real world, but for the passage it is necessary as the images created have significant impact on the symbolic meaning that Winterson is creating.Is Winterson a feminist? This could certainly be argued given the evidence found in the passages. A strong conclusion to her work is that woman have more of a chance of ‘living happily ever after’ by ‘living accordi ng to their own tastes’ than through forced marriage – the latter being the favourable traditionally in fairytales. This is mainly because Winterson’s argument represents a changing view of a woman’s place in a more modern society than that of Grimm’s.Although she retains the same time period as the original tale, the conclusion that woman can find freedom through outwitting their husbands is much different from literature that would have been produced in early decades – (albeit freedom is temporarily found by the daughters in Grimm’s tale when they outwit their father, and the soldiers night after night). Therefore a reader may acknowledge the falsehood in Winterson’s passages, and yet acknowledge it as true in search for the deeper truth underneath.

Animal Rights and Ethical Theories Essay

Human Rights and Philosophical Theories We live in a society where many people fight for rights of their specific groups. Women’s rights, African American’s rights, and rights for handicapped people are just a few examples. Now these are all groups, where people verbally fight for their groups, but what about animal rights? Animals cannot speak or communicate for themselves, they are unable to defend themselves and fight for their rights in our world. Many philosophical theories are used to decide whether or not something is ethically right or ethically wrong, but the theories are pertaining to humans and are species prejudice. We will review animal rights, concerns, and how animal rights are looked upon when applying different ethical theories. We will also conclude that the deontology theory would be most in benefit of animals in the case of animal right whereas the utilitarian theory would be in the greatest benefit of humans when looking at animal rights. There are many big differences between animals and humans. Even within the different species of animals you have many differences. It is nearly impossible to compare an insect to a wolf for example. So when studying animal rights activists’ articles and media, it is hard to agree and say animals are equal to humans. Even when comparing animals to humans who are mentally ill and cannot communicate, there is still a huge difference. Humans are able to communicate with one another where animals have their way of communicating as well but it is tough to compare their way to ours. If an animal is mistreated, it is impossible for that animal to speak up for itself and seek protection. Sometimes animals find protection but this is because humans will stick up for them and act as their voice. Utilitarianism states; â€Å"This arrangement, more than any other, will be the  most beneficial to the greatest number of people.† (Mosser, 2013) Note the word people at the end. So how does this affect other species? So when applying this to animals, automatically we look at how humans are affected by the way animals are treated. We use animals for our resources and have for a very long time. Not only are they part of our 3-course meal but due to testing on animals, cures are found for diseases and often even things like make-up are tested on animals first to make sure no harm will come upon humans. This is not fair to animals and often while being used for food and testing they are mistreated and abused in the process. Sad as this is, would you choose an animal’s right over a cure for cancer being found? It is really tough to think of issues like this. Many animal rights activists will argue that animals have right too, and although they do, when looking at most humans, animals just simply come second. A person’s life at the end of the day has more meaning then an animal’s life. In recent years more produce at grocery stores has become caged free, many companies and farms advertise a more humane kind of farming. When you think about it though, whether the animals are treated right or not, they are still getting butchered to end up on our dinner plates. Now there is a great deal of vegetarians and even vegans but they still do not make up a large part of overall society and probably never will. Animals have feelings and do deserve a fair treatment but according to the utilitarianism theory, whatever is being judged has to be ethically right for the greatest number of people. As people we eat animals, we test on animals to find medical cures, we use animals to make clothing, and we use animals for a variety of other reasons and a variety of other types of testing as well. â€Å"The fundamental wrong is the system that allows us to view animals as our resources, here for us — to be eaten, or surgically manipulated, or exploited for sport or money. Once we accept this view of animals – as our resources – the rest is as predictable as it is regrettable.† (Regan, 1986) Although his point as an animal rights, as an animal activist is clear and valid but would you offer a human life for an animal life? The answer is no. As an animal lover myself I do not want to see animals being mistreated. I  try to buy produce that advertises cage free animals and enjoy pets. Too say that animals are equal to us in any way is far-fetched. â€Å"We begin by asking how the moral status of animals has been understood by thinkers who deny that animals have rights. Then we test the mettle of their ideas by seeing how well they stand up under the heat of fair criticism. If we start our thinking in this way, we soon find that some people believe that we have no duties directly to animals, that we owe nothing to them, that we can do nothing that wrongs them. † (Regan, 1986) When reading this you have to question if his thoughts pertain to all animals or not. If he only cares about mammals but steps on a spider, another animal rights activist may come along and say he is being unfair because he is only an advocate for certain species of animals. â€Å"The great appeal of utilitarianism rests with its uncompromising egalitarianism: everyone’s interests count and count as much as the like interests of everyone else. The kind of odious discrimination that some forms of contractarianism can justify – discrimination based on race or sex, for example – seems disallowed in principle by utilitarianism, as is speciesism, systematic discrimination based on species membership.† (Regan, 1986) You have to draw the line somewhere as far as I’m concerned. â€Å"There are many other obvious ways in which men and women resemble each other closely, while humans and other animals differ greatly. So, it might be said, men and women are similar beings and should have equal rights, while humans and nonhumans are different and should not have equal rights.† (Singer, 1989) Nobody can argue with this statement but one might say monkeys are very close to humans in their appearance and in many of their capabil ities. Yet humans are humans and we are the top of the foods chain. Facts also state that most people are not vegetarians, most people wear animal skins, and most people are for and not against animal testing for medical reasons. I believe that animals should have rights but that those rights should not be in any way equal to humans rights. Their rights should pertain to minimizing suffering. â€Å"If a being suffers, there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration. No matter what the nature of the being, the principle of equality requires that its suffering be counted equally with the like suffering—in so far as rough comparisons can be made—of any other being.† (Singer, 1989) According to the utilitarianism theory, this would benefit the greatest number of people  because people could continue to use animals as their resources, and by minimizing suffering the animals would also be in a better place ethically then they are now. Now let’s look at the deontology theory. â€Å"Deontology focuses on the duties and obligations one has in carrying out actions rather than on the consequences of those actions.† (Mosser, 2013) So when looking at this, animals would have the greatest benefits. If we apply this theory we would not be cruel, we would not test on animals. When applying this theory we would not care that human lives will be saved if animals were tested on. Basically testing on animals would be looked upon as cruel and inhumane so therefor when not caring about the outcome, it just would not happen. Basically animals are mistreated but at the end of the day, even if they were not abused and treated wrongly, what we do to them for our reasons is ethically wrong no matter how you look at it. The deontologist would not do wrong in the beginning and therefor we would not mistreat and abuse animals and the outcomes of us not doing so would be neither here nor there. Virtue ethics is a little bit tougher to apply in this case. Virtue ethics looks at the character of the individual committing the act and looks at if this person is genuinely a good person or not. What the act is would be considered to be good because a good person would not commit a bad act because it is out of their character to do so. When trying to apply this theory here it is a little tough. Someone could be a great person but still eat meat or still use products that are tested on animals. So although that person is not himself or she committing the bad act against the animals themselves they are still benefitting from the act committed. It is very tough to apply this and analyze this because it can go so many different ways. Basically when looking at animal rights it is a very tough topic to apply ethics to. Animals do not have the ability to speak or defend themselves and whether people and especially animal right activists want to admit it or not, we come higher above them in the food chain. Our knowledge and capabilities as humans makes us very dominant over any other species. That  is just a fact that cannot be denied. It is however not fair that we use animals as our resources but if you had to choose between ending an animal’s life or a family member’s life, what choice would you make? I think even the most extreme of animal rights activists would have a tough time with that choice if they were faced with it. So when applying the theories, the deontology theory acts in the greatest benefit of the animal while the utilitarianism theory is in the greatest benefits of humans when it comes to the topic of animal’s rights. Animals would not be hurt but humans would not be saved if the deontology theory were applied. When applying the utilitarianism theory, the fact that animals get hurt or mistreated makes no difference either way as long as the greatest number of people benefit from it in the end. References Mosser, K. (2013). Understanding Philosophy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Singer, P. (1989). All animals are equal. In T. Regan & P. Singer (Eds.), Animal rights and human obligations (pp. 148-162). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/phil1200,Spr07/singer.pdf Regan, T. (1985). The case for animal rights. In P. Singer (Ed.), In defense of animals (pp. 13-26). New York, NY: Basil Blackwell. Retrieved from http://www.animal-rights-library.com/texts-m/regan03.htm  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­

A Visual And Verbal Narrative

Malia Wittgenstein had finally made up her mind; she would pursue a promising job offer, with Starcom Fashion Design Company in Washington as a personal assistant to the director. Malia was willing to leave behind her usual life in Newcastle UK.Her lover; Jethro who was a Chef in a renowned Newcastle hotel, was not happy about her decision but he could not control her considering the fact that she had caught him flirting with a prostitute in a local pub. Jethro, had apologized profusely but Malia seemed to think that he was treating her that way because she was jobless at the time.Malia sat in the sitting room staring at the two bags she had packed for her departure. Emotions overwhelmed her, as she thought of her usual life in Newcastle. Malia had built all her life around Jethro but his betrayal in a drunken stupor had neutralized all her trust in him.As she stared at their portrait on the wall, so many emotions were running through her, she loved and hated him at the same time. Sh e smiled at the memories of good old times and shed tears when she remembered their latest scuffles with Jethro. Malia seemed to be sure that all she needed was to get away from Newcastle, and prove to Jethro that she could turn around and make it in life.She looked at a painting hanging loosely on the wall depicting a girl in pursuit. The painting seemed to collude with what she was going through and felt so much in touch with the painting. Suddenly she felt nostalgic and was not sure if she should go or not and tears filled her eyes.Malia was not sure if she was making a mistake or not by leaving Newcastle and more so if she was wrong about Jethro and if he really meant his love to her as he had promised earlier in a bid to try and coarse her not to leave him.She had decided to leave today because Jethro would be busy at work and would not try to stop her to leave through his sweet tongue. She cried and sobbed with a heavy heart not trusting if she could leave the life she had so much gotten used to. When she finally calmed she took a paper and a pen and wrote a letter to Jethro:To my first love,I never knew the meaning of love until I met you Jethro. You were the first man to take away my innocence and I don’t regret it because then I knew I loved you and you loved me. When my parents died and I lost everything, God brought you to my life and you have been the only family I have ever known.I am still hurting because you cheated on me the other day. I don’t know why, but I want to hate you so much yet I can’t because I still love you so much. Why did you hurt me so bad? Is it because I am jobless unlike you? This new job offer in Washington is promising and I think it will make me happy and that’s why I want to leave and let myself be.I hate to confess this but I don’t know if I will ever be able to get you out of my mind Jethro. Please don’t try to stop me because I won’t let you. I have to leave now don†™t worry I will get in touch after sometime. Jethro? Do you really love me as you are professing? Am I the woman of your dreams and are you certain that you really want to marry me as you told me last night?From your Cherry,Malia

Culture Adaptation And Cultural Change Essay

Culture refers to the lifestyle or rather a system of tradition that dictates the thought and even action of a given group of people in a society. It gets its expression in the language, beliefs, customs and even food thus offering a direction for effective successful living. Culture gives one identity of the everyday symbols, customs, body language; food and social cues which becomes very difficult to lose overnight. Cultural adaptation is the processes through which an individual undergoes in order to adjust to another culture different from his normal way of life. Different countries or environment have differing cultural practices and its common for people to feel disoriented when they leave their familiar surrounding to a different environment or countries. It is quite true that culture restrains our behavior because it plays a vital role in our day to day lives. Culture socializes us into a given way of life and is responsible for determining who we are and our view of the entire world. Who we are does not only depend on our nature and personality but also the culture that surrounds us. Humans are sum and substances of nature, personality and the culture all of which contributes importantly to the final individuals. Our culture affects how we think, how we behave, who we are and how we respond to our surrounding and it is easily transmitted from generation to generation through the parents, education systems and even peers. Since culture is greatly embedded in our nature and personality, that is, culture is a central ingredient in the production of a human person; it’s a big huddle to adapt to other cultures. However, we are daily confronted with issues that call for modification, recreation and even elimination of some of the elements of our cultures. For effective cultural change to be obtained there is need to understand the underlying differences in the current culture and the culture one wants to create. Our culture is transformed by our daily pressure on what old tradition that needs to be dropped, how to combine the diverse elements of cultures that surrounds us and the daily decision of the new ideas to be included in the culture. Cultural change is possible when we define precisely the culture we are building and use those terms to inflict the necessary changes we want to make in the existing culture. As groups of people migrate from places to come together they tend to merge cultures and finally come up with a common cultural practice for all. The most common element of culture that experience drastic changes is the language especially when the groups are interested in trading with each other, they will need a common mode of communication thus the language would be quickly changed to ease trade. However, there are other elements of culture that cannot be wholly eradicated, such as food preferences and the norms that outlast the reason for their development. For cultural change to be effected all the stakeholders must be willing to change. The social nature in humans that tends to drive them to share their experiences and knowledge with others is another powerful tool in effecting cultural change. Reference: Samuel P. Huntington. Cultures Presentation: Colorado College’s 125th Anniversary Symposium, February 4, 1999.

The Final Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Final Solution - Essay Example The derivation of â€Å"The Final Solution† can be witnessed in the period between 1939 and 1941. The fruition of this genocide was based on the religious disparity existing between the Jews and the Christians. In the 1939s the Christian leaders witnessed a failure in demonstrating Jesus as ‘Messiah’ before the fellow Jews which indeed fuelled up the adversarial correlation among the two religious groups (Browning, C. R., â€Å"The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942†). However, the antagonism among these religious groups was witnessed long before the plan was factually determined, i.e. in the 1919 in which Adolf Hitler played a grave function. It is worth mentioning that he was the most evident personality who grounded the need to destroy the Jews from the country with his â€Å"Jewish Question† (McFee, â€Å"When did Hitler Decide on the Final Solution?†). As he stated in 1919s in his letters, â€Å"Jews were a race and not a religion† and that it was quite important for the European government to abolish this race in order to attain â€Å"national strength† (Kershaw, â€Å"Hitler’s Role in the â€Å"Final Solution†Ã¢â‚¬ ). The ultimate execution of â€Å"The Final Solution† was planned in the Wannsee Conference in the early 1942. Reinhard Heydrich, who was recognized to be the second in charge of the RF-SS of Himmler, coordinated around 15 Nazi bureaucrats belonging to the top level of the Nazi society in the conference which was held in Berlin. These Nazi leaders were affirmed to execute the plan to abolish a targeted number of 11 million Jews from Europe, which shall be instigated from Germany (Zapotoczny, â€Å"The Final Solution†). Although the plan was instigated from Germany in 1942, it was extended to the added parts of Europe including Poland, Greece, Hungary, France and others. The plan came to an end in the year 1944. With the rapidly increasing number of deaths of Jewish people a rescue committee was set in Budapest titled as Jewish Rescue Committee. The committee proposed to settle a contract with the European government which stated that in return of large quantities of tea, coffee, sugar, war materials and other goods, the government would spare the lives of the rest 800,000 Jews left in Europe (Breitman and Aronson, â€Å"The End of the "Final Solution"?: Nazi Plans to Ransom Jews in 1944†). By the year of the winding up of the plan in 1944, almost 5,933,900 Jews were annihilated by the Nazi leaders amounting to 67% of the total Jew population (The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, â€Å"Estimated Number of Jews Killed in The Final Solution†). Undoubtedly, the entire act created a long lasting and profound impact not only on the social aspects of human lives, but also in the political, economical and military dimensions. In the 20th century, the rise of Nazi l eaders to sovereignty in the European continent headed towards the state-enforced racial discriminations. As a consequence, the economic environment of Germany, Poland and other nations of Europe had to witness terrific fluctuations. Several policies and anti-Jewish regimes were enforced in the period, such as â€Å"Aryanization†, â€Å"Night of Broken Glass† and others (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, â€Å"The "Final Solution"†). The consequences of the so called â€Å"

UK Government in Encouraging Sustainability in Businesses Essay

UK Government in Encouraging Sustainability in Businesses - Essay Example This essay stresses that  the concept of sustainability first became prominent with the publication of the Bruntland Report in 1987. The report defines sustainability as â€Å"meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†.From this paper it is clear that  the concept of sustainability has evolved overtime since it was first defined. In earlier days, it was mainly an operational concern that focused on defensive strategies to cut waste and reduce organizational footprint. It then evolved and took a more strategic stance with focus shifting to value chains and innovation from waste and cost reduction. Right now, the concept pervades all organizational decision making.  This trend clearly shows a move towards rendering the term sustainability in business redundant as it will simply be how business is done. However in the present, businesses are consciously incorporating sustainability into their business decisions.   Most businesses express their sustainability goals through corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments. CSR within an organisation is often composed of practises, policies and programs that are integrated throughout the business’s operations from decision making, processes to supply chain, which aim at ensuring current sustainable business operations taking into consideration future impacts.  Governments around the globe have increasingly grown aware of the significance of encouraging sustainability in businesses.... hows that many organizations are actively integrating and incorporating sustainability principles into their business operations, and the reasons behind this go far beyond reputation management. A sustainable business hence genuinely delivers environmental, economic and social benefits simultaneously in its operations while minimising the damage to society and the environment (Nidumolu, Prahalad, and Rangaswami, 2009:1). Most businesses express their sustainability goals through corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments. CSR within an organisation is often composed of practises, policies and programs that are integrated throughout the business’s operations from decision making, processes to supply chain, which aim at ensuring current sustainable business operations taking into consideration future impacts (Petrini and Pozzebon, 2010: 364; Baumgartner and Ebner, 2010:77). Companies are increasingly inclined to incorporate society’s expectations of ethical busines s practices into their business strategies as a way of not only responding to pressures from stakeholders such as employees and consumers among others, but also exploring opportunities that create competitive advantage for the company. Assessment of the role of UK government in encouraging sustainability in businesses as compared to other stakeholders Governments around the globe have increasingly grown aware of the significance of encouraging sustainability in businesses. In the UK, the government has played a critical role in encouraging sustainability in businesses. The government’s role in sustainability adoption often takes a regulatory approach. This is unlike other stakeholders of an organisation which have different key roles to play in encouraging sustainability, for instance, employees

Implementation brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Implementation brief - Essay Example In this similar context, the investing ideas for fitness centres include incorporating fitness centre through swimming pool, indoor game, sports equipment shop as well as boxing club amenities through which generating greater revenues for the organisation will be possible along with attaining diversification benefits. These fitness dimensions would further assist in hotel’s chaining to attract customers by rendering the aforementioned value-added facilities. This proposed investment implementation idea of incorporating various fitness dimensions shall also enable the hotel chain to maintain profitability by engaging effective sales through the utilisation of these services (Entrepreneur Media, Inc., 2013). The report of the investment implementation brief therefore focuses on identifying the impact to be created by the investment idea on the overall organisational structure or departments of East Nest Hotels along with a time plan for the implementation of the strategy. The re port also presents a brief idea regarding the linkage between the investment plan with other departments along with a milestone analysis and risk plan to justify the implementation benefits of the proposed initiative. ... or games facility and a sport shopping shop, it can be stated that such initiatives will be helpful in determining the degree of demands for the products and facilities offered in the market by the organisation. It will also have an impact on the degree of competition that an organisation faces in order to sustain its competitive position in the market, irrespective of the customers’ buying behaviours. It can also be stated that the investment idea will further help in maintaining the margin of profits allowing greater competitive advantages to the company. However, when implementing the plan, the regulations or policies currently performed within the organisation and its labour power can be taken into consideration, which has been affecting the expenses as well as competencies of the organisation (Madhura, 2007). In this context, the Human Resource (HR) manager will be responsible in addressing the issue of internal equity, i.e. in evaluating the resources for advertising the job profile, development of plan for ensuring the existing employees are not reprimanded with low remuneration for failing in achieving the targets of the additional activities assigned to them in lieu of the investment idea. In this particular context, the HR team will be held responsible in conducting regular training sessions for individuals through consultations, designing of programs, instructional sessions as well as obtaining feedbacks for the proper implementation of the requisite activities needed to implement the investment idea. Undoubtedly, such change would require additional manpower and investments to recruit competent trainers through internal recruitment and external labour market as well, as per their qualifications in providing fitness training program for individuals. It can

The Trusted Traveler Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Trusted Traveler Program - Essay Example The â€Å"Trusted Traveler" program in essence was made to facilitate the frequent flyers that could include all the business entrepreneurs, government officials and employees as well as other selected individuals who could get their easy way off as regards to airport security checks. The Trusted Traveler program is undoubtedly a good idea when we literally think about it in the first go, but it is also a source of problems on the part of the security people who are present at the airports and are responsible for everything as they are at the helm of affairs when we talk about security and its long checks. This program can have its disadvantages if say for instance a terrorist gets hold of a Trusted Traveler card, would he or she still be unstoppable. The same goes true if he or she is carrying some explosives or weapons on board, would the person be allowed to board the flight? There are serious questions that can be posed with respect to the Trusted Traveler program. The â€Å"Trusted Traveler† program is in the process of being studied thoroughly by the American Senate and would soon, hopefully is put into practice so that American flyers could get extra privileges when they think of security and ease of actions at the airport and within the flights. The reason why this program has not been approved as yet owes to the fact that there are a number of glitches and loopholes through which terrorists and criminals can run off scotch free, thus delaying the whole process. Once these problems are addressed in the broader context of the airline security and with meticulous attention paid to the ease of the passengers, this program would pretty surely be in place for one and all to enjoy and witness at the airports, in the coming times. As regards to passenger authentication, it usually entails the corroboration of passenger ID, which includes from his beginning as a passenger is transited through the airport and